Global military exercises are becoming increasingly relevant in the changing world security context. In the era of multipolarity, countries are competing to improve their defense capabilities through various types of large-scale exercises. This trend is clearly visible from increasing international cooperation in the form of joint exercises and exchange of military tactics. One of the main trends is the increasing frequency of multinational exercises. Exercises such as Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) and Cobra Gold strengthen relations between countries from different parts of the world. RIMPAC, for example, is attended by navies from 26 countries, providing an opportunity to share tactics and technology. Meanwhile, the Cobra Gold exercise, conducted in Thailand, focused on humanitarian cooperation and disaster relief, reflecting the need to prepare a rapid response to natural disasters. On the other hand, the use of advanced technology in military exercises also shows major transformations. Virtual-based simulations and exercises are now an integral part. The use of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) systems allows troops to train in simulative environments that mimic real combat conditions. This technology not only reduces costs, but also minimizes the risk of injury, making training more effective. However, the challenges facing global military exercises cannot be ignored. Rising geopolitical tensions, as seen in the South China Sea and Eastern Europe, often make large-scale exercises a form of provocation. Many countries are concerned that these exercises could trigger unwanted confrontations. In addition, diverse national policies can make it difficult to coordinate between countries in joint exercises. Cyber threats are also an important element in modern military training. With increasing reliance on information technology, training on cyber defense is now an important part of training programs. NATO Commander-in-Chief, Jens Stoltenberg, underlined that cyber threats can be carried out just as effectively as traditional attacks, creating a need for the integration of cyber security in training strategies. Each country must consider the political and social context when designing military training models. Domestic policies that value transparency and mutual trust can strengthen international cooperation. For example, countries in ASEAN have carried out joint exercises aimed at strengthening connectivity, while countries in Europe face the challenge of maintaining defense ties amid fears of increasing external aggression. From an environmental perspective, increasing exercise frequency also has ecological impacts. The use of ammunition and combat vehicles in training exercises can contribute to environmental damage. This calls for a more sustainable and environmentally friendly approach in conducting military exercises. Overall, global military exercises demonstrate the complex dynamics between international cooperation and the challenges they face. Countries need to move forward with a clear vision, integrate new technologies, and confront existing challenges to ensure their training remains relevant and effective in the face of future threats. With a holistic approach, military exercises can be a tool not only for defense, but also for the establishment of global peace.