Conflict and Cooperation: Geopolitical Dynamics of the Middle East
In a geopolitical context, the Middle East is often considered the center of various complex conflicts and cooperation. This region is rich in natural resources, especially oil, which makes it a strategic area for global powers. One of the main factors in conflict in the Middle East is competition between regional and global powers, which creates an attraction for external actors.
One of the most prominent conflicts is the tension between Iran and Saudi Arabia. These two powers have different ideological views: Iran as a Shiite majority country, while Saudi Arabia is a Sunni bastion. This tension often colors conflicts in neighboring countries such as Yemen and Syria. In Yemen, the internal conflict has turned into a proxy war between the two countries, with Saudi Arabia backing the internationally recognized government, while Iran provides support to the Houthis.
The Syrian crisis also shows the dynamics of cooperation and conflict in the Middle East. The role of Russia and Iran in supporting Bashar al-Assad’s regime against various opposition groups, including ISIS, shows how great powers can become involved in regional conflicts. On the other hand, the United States and its allies are trying to limit Iran’s influence by supporting Kurdish groups and moderate opposition.
Beneath the surface of this conflict, there is also a form of cooperation. For example, Israel and several Arab countries, such as the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain, have recently normalized relations through the Abraham Accords. This cooperation is driven by mutual interests to face Iranian threats and regional stability. This shows that despite apparent conflict, there are also positive moments where countries can bond with each other.
Militant movements such as Hezbollah and Hamas are also an important factor in the conflict map. These two groups seek to resist Israeli domination, but are also in conflict with each other in terms of strategy and goals. While Hezbollah receives support from Iran, Hamas is also trying to consolidate its position through cooperation with Türkiye and Qatar.
Issues such as human rights and gender equality are also relevant in this context. The social changes taking place in several countries, especially through youth movements, show people’s desire to actively participate in the political process. Countries like Tunisia are examples of how collaboration between government and citizens can produce positive change.
Tensions between the West and Muslim countries, for example regarding Iran’s nuclear program, show how foreign politics can trigger wider conflicts. Failed negotiations and economic sanctions complicate efforts to find a peaceful solution, while the civilian population is often the victim.
Meanwhile, climate change is also a challenge that cannot be ignored. Middle Eastern countries face threats in the form of drought and other environmental problems, which provide opportunities for international cooperation for mitigation. Green initiatives can strengthen relations between countries and provide added value for sustainable development.
In today’s increasingly connected world, information technology plays a major role in political dynamics in the Middle East. Social media has become a tool for activists to voice opinions and organize protest movements, which often have a major impact on government policy. However, strict control of information is also common practice in many countries.
The involvement of international organizations such as the UN, Arab League and others shows that multilateral cooperation is very important in finding long-term solutions to existing conflicts. Diplomatic efforts, although often hampered by national interests, show potential for creating a more peaceful environment in the future.
In this context, it is important to understand that conflict and cooperation in the Middle East are interrelated and continue to develop. Geopolitical activities in this region not only affect surrounding countries, but also have implications for global stability. Therefore, careful monitoring and continued diplomatic efforts are key to achieving lasting peace.