Eastern Europe, as one of the most dynamic regions in the world, has a rich and complex history. In its historical context, this region has become a field of conflict, power and ideological struggle. From the leadership of the Russian Empire to the domination of the Soviet Union, the journey of Eastern Europe reflects major changes in the global political map. Since the 19th century, Eastern Europe has been involved in many conflicts caused by territorial, ethnic and ideological disputes. One of the most significant events was the First World War, which changed the political order of the region. The collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire accelerated the process of forming new nation-states. In the midst of this chaos, opportunities emerged for various nationalist movements to fight for independence. After the Second World War, Eastern Europe was significantly influenced by communist ideology, which became a pillar of the Soviet Union’s power. A number of countries, including Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary, fell under Moscow’s influence, resulting in the curtailment of freedoms and the establishment of authoritarian regimes. In this period, social dynamics changed, where the labor movement and political opposition became voices of opposition to communist rule. However, tensions increased in the late 1980s, when waves of reforms, such as Glasnost and Perestroika, began to shake the foundations of socialism in the region. Pro-democracy movements began to rise, leading to the collapse of communist regimes in many countries. This event marked the rebirth of national identity in countries such as Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia, which became independent from Soviet shackles. Entering the 21st century, Eastern Europe faces new challenges, especially in the context of integration with Western Europe. Many countries, such as Poland and the Czech Republic, joined the European Union, while others such as Ukraine and Georgia struggled with Russian influence. The conflict in Ukraine began to erupt in 2014 with Russia’s annexation of Crimea, adding another layer of complexity to the region. Ethnic tensions and territorial disputes continue to fuel instability, affecting relations between countries. Additionally, the phenomenon of populism and political extremism has emerged in Eastern Europe, where some leaders use nationalist narratives to gain power. The conflict between local traditions and the influence of globalization creates deeper social tensions. Social media also plays an important role in disseminating information and mass mobilization, accelerating ongoing political dynamics. The question of Eastern Europe’s future remains complex. By entering a new geopolitical era, this region needs to adapt to existing changes and challenges. Ongoing disputes, especially those related to energy and resources, will continue to be one of the defining factors in Eastern European politics. Therefore, observing the dynamics of conflict in the region is crucial for a deeper understanding of the evolution of global politics.