Nuclear energy has become a hot topic in global discussions about providing sustainable energy sources. With the increasing need for energy and demands to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, nuclear energy offers significant opportunities. However, the challenges it faces cannot be ignored. One of the main challenges of nuclear energy is the problem of nuclear waste. Waste generated from nuclear reactors requires very careful handling and storage. Waste storage locations must be carefully selected to ensure that there is no environmental contamination. In addition, the lifespan of waste radioactivity can reach thousands of years, posing long-term challenges in waste management systems. On the other hand, the opportunities offered by nuclear energy are enormous. Apart from being able to produce electricity with low carbon emissions, nuclear technology continues to develop. Innovations such as new generation reactors and small modular reactors (SMRs) promise increased efficiency and safety. New-generation reactors are designed with improved safety features, and SMRs enable the development of small-scale energy projects that can be built near consumption sites. Safety issues are a major concern in the use of nuclear energy. The incidents at Fukushima and Chernobyl provided important lessons about the importance of strict safety standards. Countries around the world are starting to update regulations and carry out stricter inspections to ensure that the risk of accidents is minimized. Apart from that, financing is another challenge in developing nuclear energy projects. The initial costs of building a nuclear facility are very high, and often fall short of predicted budgets. This has resulted in investment hesitation from the private sector and is one of the biggest obstacles to widespread development of nuclear energy solutions. However, in facing these challenges, nuclear energy holds the potential to become a critical part of the global energy transition. As a reliable and stable energy source, nuclear can serve as a buffer for renewable energy, which is often dependent on weather conditions. The combination of nuclear energy and renewable sources can provide sustainable and sustainable electric power solutions. Society also plays an important role in supporting the development of nuclear energy. Public education and community involvement are needed to increase understanding of the benefits and risks of nuclear energy. With better knowledge, society is more likely to accept safe and sustainable nuclear projects. Thus, despite the challenges, the opportunities that nuclear energy offers must be taken into account. As the world strives to achieve net-zero emissions targets, nuclear energy’s role as a reliable, clean energy provider is becoming increasingly important. A combination of technological innovation, strict regulation and community support is key to ensuring that nuclear energy can be harnessed safely and efficiently for a sustainable global energy future.