Mars exploration has become a major focus of modern scientific missions. The Red Planet, with its reddish surface due to iron oxide, has attracted the attention of scientists and the wider public for a long time. Various missions, both carried out by NASA and international space agencies, aim to uncover the mysteries surrounding Mars, from the potential for life to atmospheric conditions. Since the beginning of the space exploration era, images and data have been obtained of Mars via telescopes and orbiter missions. The Viking mission in 1976 was one of the first to land on Mars and conduct soil analysis. Data from Viking shows the presence of water in the form of ice, which is key in the search for signs of life. In 2004, the Spirit and Opportunity rovers conducted more in-depth exploration. They found evidence of liquid water in the past, such as minerals that formed in wet conditions. This discovery strengthens the hypothesis that Mars once had an environment that supported microbial life. The Curiosity mission, which launched in 2011 and landed at Gale Crater, continued this research with further analysis of the chemical composition of the Martian surface. This rover is equipped with instruments capable of researching and identifying important elements, as well as looking for organic traces. The discovery of methane in the Martian atmosphere is also a highlight, because methane can be produced by biological processes. In addition to rover-based missions, orbiters such as MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution) have provided important insights into the Martian atmosphere. Research shows that the Martian atmosphere is very thin, and water loss occurred over billions of years. This represents a drastic change in the climate of a planet that may have once been fertile. With the Artemis mission gearing up to take humans back to the moon, attention is now turning again to Mars. NASA and SpaceX are both planning manned missions to Mars. Mars settlement plans call for greater understanding of radiation, water resources, and human health challenges in the space environment. Interest in Mars is also growing from the aspect of human sustainability. With Earth’s population continuing to increase and resources limited, making Mars a potential alternative residence is an interesting topic of discussion. Even though various challenges must be faced, such as extreme temperatures and dust storms, enthusiasm for exploring and understanding the Red Planet remains high. In order to support Mars exploration, technology continues to be developed. Small drones, such as Ingenuity, have successfully carried out flights in Mars’ thin atmosphere, marking a new chapter in exploration. Capable of reaching areas inaccessible to rovers, these unmanned probes have the potential to change the way we explore the surface of Mars. The success of Mars exploration is also influenced by international cooperation. Space agencies, such as ESA (European Space Agency) and CNSA (China National Space Administration), collaborate on joint missions, share data and technology. This collaboration opens up new opportunities to uncover more mysteries about the planet. With each new discovery on Mars, our understanding of this neighboring planet grows. Mars is not only an astronomical object, but also a window to a deeper understanding of the origins of life and the potential future of humanity beyond Earth. Future missions are planned to further explore surface conditions and examine potential traces of life, making Mars one of the most attractive destinations in space exploration.